"

Imperativo

The imperativo (imperative) is used to give orders, directions, exhortations, warnings, or advice. It exists in all persons except the first person singular.

Imperativo (affirmative form)

The affirmative imperative is formed according to the following rules:

  1. The tu form of regular -are verbs ends in -a.
  2. The noi and voi forms of regular -are verbs use the present indicative tense.
  3. The tu, noi, and voi forms of regular -ere and -ire verbs use the present indicative tense.
  4. The Lei and Loro forms use the present subjunctive.

  -are verbs -ere/-ire verbs
tu -a Indicativo Presente
Lei Congiuntivo Presente Congiuntivo Presente
noi Indicativo Presente Indicativo Presente
voi Indicativo Presente Indicativo Presente
Loro Congiuntivo Presente Congiuntivo Presente

Here is an example of the conjugation of regular verbs:

Affirmative imperative of
lavorare (to work)
Affirmative imperative of
correre (to run)
Affirmative imperative of
dormire (to sleep)
Affirmative imperative of
pulire (to clean)
(tu) lavora (tu) corri (tu) dormi (tu) pulisci
(Lei) lavori (Lei) corra (Lei) dorma (Lei) pulisca
(noi) lavoriamo (noi) corriamo (noi) dormiamo (noi) puliamo
(voi) lavorate (voi) correte (voi) dormite (voi) pulite
(Loro) lavorino (Loro) corrano (Loro) dormano (Loro) puliscano

Imperativo negativo (negative form)

The negative imperative is formed according to the following rules:

  1. The tu form uses non + infinitive.
  2. The noi and voi forms use non + present indicative.
  3. The Lei and Loro forms use non + present subjunctive

  -are/-ere/-ire verbs
tu NON + Infinito (Infinitive form)
Lei NON + Congiuntivo Presente
noi NON + Indicativo Presente
voi NON + Indicativo Presente
Loro NON + Congiuntivo Presente

Here is an example of the conjugation of regular verbs:

  Negative imperative of lavorare (to work) Negative imperative of correre (to run) Negative imperative of dormire (to sleep)
tu non lavorare non correre non dormire
Lei non lavori non corra non dorma
noi non lavoriamo non corriamo non dormiamo
voi non lavorate non correte non dormite
Loro non lavorino non corrano non dormano

Verbi irregolari

1. Avere and essere have special forms for the tu imperative (abbi, sii) and use the present subjunctive in all other persons.

  Affirmative imperative of avere Negative imperative of avere Affirmative imperative of essere Negative imperative of essere
tu abbi non avere sii non essere
Lei abbia non abbia sia non sia
noi abbiamo non abbiamo siamo non siamo
voi abbiate non abbiate siate non siate
Loro abbiano non abbiano siano non siano

2. The following verbs have irregular (contracted) forms of the tu affirmative imperative. For all (except for dire), the non-contracted form can also be used:

Irregular tu forms
andare va' (or vai)
dare da' (or dai)
dire di'
fare fa' (or fai)
stare sta' (or stai)

3. Verbs that are irregular in the present indicative and present subjunctive have the same irregularities in the imperative.

  Tenere (to keep, to hold) Uscire (to go out) Venire (to come)
tu tieni esci vieni
Lei tenga esca venga
noi teniamo usciamo veniamo
voi tenete uscite venite
Loro tengano escano vengano
Tieni la porta aperta!                            
Keep the door open!

Usciamo stasera!                                 
Let’s go out tonight!

Dottore, venga subito per favore!          
Doctor, please come right away!

 

Risorse

Per trovare le coniugazioni di tutti i verbi, usa le risorse in APPENDIX

 

Imperativo + pronomi

When pronouns (direct-object pronouns, indirect-object pronouns, reflexive pronouns, CI, NE, double pronouns) are used with the imperative, their position depends on the person of the verb and whether the imperative is affirmative or negative.

LEI and LORO forms of the imperative + pronouns

Pronouns always precede the LEI and LORO forms in both the affirmative and the negative imperative.

Lo faccia subito!                                  
Do it immediately                    

Non lo faccia troppo tardi!                    
Don’t do it too late


Gli diano una mano!                             
Give him a hand!                                 

Non gli diano soldi!                              
Don’t give him money!

TU, NOI, VOI forms of the affirmative imperative + pronouns

1. Pronouns are attached to the end of the TU, NOI, VOI forms of imperative to form one word. No matter how long the word becomes, the stress remains unchanged.

Porta la chiave a Ada! Per favore, portagliela!               
Give the key to Ada! Please, give it to her!

Divertiamoci! 
Let’s have fun!

Chiamate domani! Per favore, chiamatemi!
Call tomorrow! Please, call me!

 

2. Da’/ di’/ fa’/ sta’ / va’ + pronoun

When pronouns are attached to the shortened TU forms of andare, dare, dire, fare, and stare, the apostrophe is dropped and the first consonant of the pronoun is doubled, except for the pronoun gli.

Examples:

dare:   da’     dacci               dammi             dalle                dagli

dire:    dì’   →   dicci                dimmi              dille                 digli

fare:    fa’   →   facci                fammi              falle                 fagli

 

Va’ a casa! Vacci subito! 
Go home! Go there right away!

Sta’ vicino a Laura! Stalle vicino!
Stay close to Laura! Stay close to her!

Mi fai un favore? Ti prego, fammelo!
Will you do me a favor? Please, do it for me!

Digli la verità! Per favore, digliela!
Tell him the truth! Please, tell it to him!

TU, NOI, VOI forms of the negative imperative + pronouns

In the negative imperative, pronouns may either:

  1. precede the verb
  2. follow the verb. When a pronoun is attached to an infinitive, the final “e” of the infinitive is dropped.

  Affirmative Negative
tu Chiamala! Non la chiamare! (Non chiamarla!)
noi Chiamiamola! Non la chiamiamo (Non chiamiamola!)*
voi Chiamatela! Non la chiamate! (Non chiamatela!)

*NOTE: with the noi form of the negative imperative, it is less common for the pronoun to be attached to the verb

Verbi riflessivi (reflexive verbs)

The following table shows how reflexive verbs follow the preceding rules governing the position of pronouns in the imperative:

  Affirmative imperative of
alzarsi (to get up)
Affirmative imperative of
mettersi (to put on)
Affirmative imperative of
divertirsi (to have fun)
tu alzati mettiti divertiti
Lei si alzi si metta si diverta
noi alziamoci mettiamoci divertiamoci
voi alzatevi mettetevi divertitevi
Loro si alzino si mettano si divertano

 

 

License

Icon for the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

D'accordo! Copyright © 2024 by Cinzia Blum and Lucia Gemmani is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.