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Scheda: Numeri ordinali

Numeri ordinali (ordinal numbers) correspond to the English numbers first, second, tenth, and so on. When expressed as numerals, a small superscripted o is added to the respective numbers (1°, 2°, 10°, 100° and so on), corresponding to the English –st, -nd, -rd, and –th.

Numeri dal 1° (1st) al 10° (10th) 

Dal 1° al 10°
1° primo 6° sesto
2° secondo 7° settimo
3° terzo 8° ottavo
4° quarto 9° nono
5° quinto 10° decimo

Numeri dopo il decimo

  • After decimo, ordinal numbers are formed by:
    • dropping the final vowel of the cardinal number (except for numbers ending in –tré and –sei);
    • adding esimo.
11°  undici → undic- → undicesimo
20°  venti → vent- → ventesimo
64°  sessantaquattro → sessantaquattr- → sessantaquattresimo
100° cento → cent- → centesimo
500° cinquecento → cinquecent- → cinquecentesimo
  • Mille (1000) and numbers ending in tré and sei do not drop the final vowel.
trentatré → trentatre- → trentatreesimo
cinquantasei → cinquantasei- → cinquantaseiesimo
1000° mille → mille → millesimo
  • Ordinal numbers can be abbreviated using Arabic numerals with a superscript o for the masculine and a superscript a for the feminine.
    la 2a settimana del 2° semestre    
    the 2nd week of the 2nd semester
  • Ordinal numbers are adjectives and agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) with the noun that they modify. They normally precede nouns but follow the names of royalty and popes. Roman numerals are frequently used, especially when referring to royalty, popes, and centuries. In such cases, they usually follow the noun.
la prima volta    the first time
il quarto piano   the fourth floor

i primi tre capitoli del libro   
the first three chapters of the book

Papa Benedetto XVI (sedicesimo)  
Pope Benedict the sixteenth

Secoli (centuries)

An ordinal number (or a Roman numeral) + the word secolo is used to indicate centuries:

il primo secolo (I secolo)       the 1st century
il sesto secolo (il VI secolo)   the 6th century
il ventunesimo (il XXI secolo)   the 21st century

In connection with literature, art, and history, Italian uses the following capitalized forms to refer to centuries from the thirteenth to the twentieth:

il Duecento (il secolo tredicesimo)      13th century
il Trecento (il secolo quattordicesimo)  14th century
il Quattrocento (il secolo quindicesimo) 15th century
il Cinquecento (il secolo sedicesimo)    16th century
il Seicento (il secolo diciassettesimo)  17th century
il Settecento (il secolo diciottesimo)   18th century
l'Ottocento (il secolo diciannovesimo)   19th century
il Novecento (il secolo ventesimo)       20th century

Frazioni (fractions)

As in English, the cardinal number expresses the numerator, and the ordinal number expresses the denominator.  If the numerator is more than 1, the plural of the ordinal number is used for the denominator.

1/5      un quinto
2/5      due quinti

Half is expressed as mezzo in a fraction; metà is used otherwise.

1/2       un mezzo
4/2       quattro mezzi
metà dei miei amici  half of my friends
metà della mela      half of the apple

NOTE:  when mezzo is used as an adjective it agrees with the noun it modifies.

mezza giornata        half a day
due mezze giornate    two half days

 

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