32 The Health Impacts of Toxic Metals

Toxic metals, often referred to as heavy metals, are metals and metal compounds that negatively affect human health, especially in large amounts. While small amounts of certain metals are essential for life, excessive exposure can lead to toxicity as they accumulate in biological systems and pose significant health risks (osha.gov). Some of the most common toxic metals include arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, and thallium. These metals can enter the body through contaminated water, food, air, or through direct exposure in industrial settings (clevelandclinic.org). The impact varies based on the type of metal, level of exposure, and individual factors such as age, overall health, and pregnancy status. This section will explore the various health effects of toxic metal exposure, starting with immediate symptoms of poisoning and moving into long term impacts, like neurological damage, organ failure, and cancer risks. It will also focus on vulnerable populations, like pregnant women, children and industrial workers, and explore strategies for reducing exposure and preventing risks.