30 Agricultural Runoff and Its Impact on Water Quality and Human Health

What is Agricultural Runoff?

Agricultural Runoff is defined as water that is not properly absorbed by the soil. This could be due to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to: Irrigation, rain, or melted snow.

How does Agricultural Runoff occur?

Agricultural runoff occurs when water from rain or irrigation flows over farmland instead of soaking into the soil. This often happens because of poor soil filtration, meaning the soil is unable to absorb the water properly. When the soil is unable to hold onto the water, the water runs off the surface and carries away important nutrients like fertilizers and pesticides that were meant to help crops grow.

If the soil also has low nutrient retention, it cannot hold onto these substances, making it even easier for them to be washed away. This runoff then flows into nearby streams, rivers, or lakes, where it can cause pollution by introducing chemicals and harmful substances into the water. Over time, this not only harms the environment but also affects water quality for both people and wildlife.