References

aculafic; Dylan Freeman; bmcfetridge

55 References

aculafic; Dylan Freeman; and bmcfetridge

Dylan Freeman –

Food Insight. “A Guide to Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in Our Food Supply.” Food Insight, 27 Feb. 2023, https://foodinsight.org/metals-in-food-and-water/.
“Hazardous Consumer Products.” NYC Health, https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/lead-poisoning-hazardous-consumer-products.page.
Keyweb. “What Is a Toxic Metal?” Environmental Hazards Services, https://leadlab.com/what-is-a-toxic-metal/.
Program, H. F. “Environmental Contaminants in Food.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/food/chemical-contaminants-pesticides/environmental-contaminants-food.
“Toxic Metals – Overview.” Occupational Safety and Health Administration, https://www.osha.gov/toxic-metals.
Wambolt, C. “Exposure to Toxic Chemicals in Consumer Products in the US.” Ballard Brief, 11 Sept. 2024, https://ballardbrief.byu.edu/issue-briefs/exposure-to-toxic-chemicals-in-consumer-products-in-the-united-states.
Greenfield, Dr. E. “What Is Bioaccumulation and Its Causes.” Sigma Earth, 2 Mar. 2024, https://sigmaearth.com/what-is-bioaccumulation-and-its-causes/.
“Mercury: The Tragedy of Minamata Disease.” Collaborative for Health & Environment, https://www.healthandenvironment.org/resources/resource-library/eh-history/mercury-the-tragedy-of-minamata-disease.
Professional, C. C. Medical. “What Is Oxidative Stress?” Cleveland Clinic, 1 May 2024, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/oxidative-stress.
*Copilot AI used to improve readability

Adrianna Culafic –

Abd Elnabi, Manar K., et al. “Toxicity of Heavy Metals and Recent Advances in Their Removal: A Review.” Toxics, vol. 11, no. 7, 1 July 2023, p. 580, www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/7/580, https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070580. Accessed 5 May 2025.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. “Lead | Medical Management Guidelines | Toxic Substance Portal | ATSDR.” Wwwn.cdc.gov, 21 Oct. 2014, wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=1203&toxid=22.

Ahmad, Sk Akhtar, et al. “Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater in Bangladesh: Implications and Challenges for Healthcare Policy.” Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, vol. 11, Nov. 2018, pp. 251–261, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6281155/, https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s153188.

Aoshima, Keiko. “Itai-Itaidisease: Renal Tubular Osteomalacia Induced by Environmental Exposure to Cadmium—Historical Review and Perspectives.” Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, vol. 62, no. 4, 23 Mar. 2016, pp. 319–326, https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2016.1159116.

Bates, Karl. “Lead Exposure in Childhood Linked to Lower IQ, Lower Status.” Duke.edu, 28 Mar. 2017, today.duke.edu/2017/03/lead-exposure-childhood-linked-lower-iq-lower-status.

Bellinger, David, et al. “The Neurodevelopmental Toxicity of Lead: History, Epidemiology, and Public Health Implications.” Sciencedirect.com, 2018, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468748018300092. Accessed 5 May 2025.

Campbell, Carla, et al. “A Case Study of Environmental Injustice: The Failure in Flint.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 13, no. 10, 27 Sept. 2016, p. 951, www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/10/951, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13100951.

CDC. “Risk Factors and Pregnancy.” Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention, 24 May 2024, www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/risk-factors/pregnancy.html.

Charkiewicz, Angelika Edyta, et al. “Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects-A Brief Summary.” Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 28, no. 18, 14 Sept. 2023, p. 6620, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37764397/, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186620.

Choudhury, Md. Iqbal Mahmud, et al. “Cutaneous Malignancy due to Arsenicosis in Bangladesh: 12-Year Study in Tertiary Level Hospital.” BioMed Research International, vol. 2018, 16 Dec. 2018, pp. 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4678362. Accessed 5 May 2025.

Clean Water and Reproductive Justice LACK of ACCESS HARMS WOMEN of COLOR. 2020.

Cleveland Clinic. “Heavy Metal Poisoning (Toxicity).” Cleveland Clinic, 7 July 2022, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23424-heavy-metal-poisoning-toxicity.

EPA. “What Is Superfund?” US EPA, 30 Oct. 2023, www.epa.gov/superfund/what-superfund.

Fujihara, Junko, and Naoki Nishimoto. “Thallium – Poisoner’s Poison: An Overview and Review of Current Knowledge on the Toxicological Effects and Mechanisms.” Current Research in Toxicology, vol. 6, 1 Jan. 2024, pp. 100157–100157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100157. Accessed 5 May 2025.

Gochfeld, Michael, and Joanna Burger. “Disproportionate Exposures in Environmental Justice and Other Populations: The Importance of Outliers.” American Journal of Public Health, vol. 101, no. Suppl 1, 1 Dec. 2011, pp. S53–S63, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3222496/, https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300121.

Huang, Hsin-Wei, et al. “Arsenic-Induced Carcinogenesis and Immune Dysregulation.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 16, no. 15, 1 Aug. 2019, p. 2746, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152746. Accessed 5 May 2025.

“Itai-Itai Disease – Environment Notes.” Prepp, 2024, prepp.in/news/e-492-itai-itai-disease-environment-notes. Accessed 6 May 2025.

Karbowska, Bozena. “Presence of Thallium in the Environment: Sources of Contaminations, Distribution and Monitoring Methods.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 188, no. 11, 26 Oct. 2016, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5080298/, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5647-y. Accessed 5 May 2025.

Landrigan, Philip j., et al. Principles for Prevention of the Toxic Effects of Metals. Academic Press, 8 Aug. 2014, pp. 507–528, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978044459453200024X?via%3Dihub.

Mckoy, Jillian. “Construction Workers at Risk of Unintentionally Exposing Their Families to Many Toxic Metals | SPH.” Bu.edu, 2022, www.bu.edu/sph/news/articles/2022/construction-workers-at-risk-of-exposing-families-to-many-toxic-metals/.

Palma-Lara, I., et al. “Arsenic Exposure: A Public Health Problem Leading to Several Cancers.” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 110, Feb. 2020, p. 104539, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104539. Accessed 5 May 2025.

Park, Hyejoon, et al. “Effects of Toxic Metal Contamination in the Tri-State Mining District on the Ecological Community and Human Health: A Systematic Review.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 18, 17 Sept. 2020, p. 6783, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186783. Accessed 5 May 2025.

Ratnaike, R N. “Acute and Chronic Arsenic Toxicity.” Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol. 79, no. 933, 1 July 2003, pp. 391–396, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12897217/, https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.79.933.391.

Riley, Shantal. “The Children of Flint, Ten Years Later.” Harvard Public Health Magazine, 25 Apr. 2024, harvardpublichealth.org/environmental-health/the-children-of-the-flint-michigan-water-crisis-ten-years-later/.

Speer, Rachel M., et al. “Arsenic and Cancer: Evidence and Mechanisms.” Advances in Pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.), vol. 96, 2023, pp. 151–202, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36858772/, https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.2022.08.001. Accessed 5 May 2025.

Tchounwou, Paul B., et al. “Heavy Metal Toxicity and the Environment.” Experientia Supplementum, vol. 101, no. 1, 26 Aug. 2014, pp. 133–164, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144270/, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6.

Team, Enviroliteracy. “What Is Minamata Disease and Syndrome? – the Environmental Literacy Council.” The Environmental Literacy Council, 26 Apr. 2025, enviroliteracy.org/what-is-minamata-disease-and-syndrome/. Accessed 5 May 2025.

“Toxic Metals – Overview | Occupational Safety and Health Administration.” Www.osha.gov, www.osha.gov/toxic-metals.

United States Environmental Protection Agency. “Health Effects of Exposures to Mercury.” US EPA, 29 Jan. 2019, www.epa.gov/mercury/health-effects-exposures-mercury.

World Health Organization. “Lead Poisoning and Health.” Who.int, World Health Organization: WHO, 27 Sept. 2024, www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health.

Ben McFetridge references –