1 What is Disaster Preparedness and Response? (Sara)

Disaster preparedness and response is the process of planning before a disaster hits, so actions can be taken during said disaster, to reduce its impact and help keep people safe. The four main phases of disaster preparedness and response are overseen by the Homeland Security and Emergency Management Program, including prevention/mitigation, preparedness/protection, response, and recovery.^1,2

Phase 1: Prevention/Mitigation

This phase takes place prior to a disaster and aims to prevent future emergencies while minimizing their impacts. It involves organizations taking proactive measures to protect people and property, as well as reducing the risks associated with potential disaster outcomes.^1,2

Phase 2: Preparedness/Protection

Phase 2 also takes place before a disaster occurs, focusing on actions taken ahead of the emergency. In this phase, organizations work to understand how a disaster could impact overall productivity and provide necessary education to improve response capabilities. The goal is to save lives by ensuring that residents have well-prepared plans and essential knowledge about what to expect.^1,2

Phase 3: Response

The response phase takes places immediately after a disaster strikes to protect people and property in the wake of emergency. Attention must be placed on addressing threats to reduce casualties and damage. This involves warnings, evacuations, rescues and resource management.^1,2

Phase 4: Recovery

The final phase is recovery, taking place after the disaster. This phase works to return normalcy through short-term efforts to restore essential services and long-term actions to rebuild the community.^1,2