12 Chemical Policy and Regulation
I. Introduction:
Before exploring the policies and regulations that safeguard workers and promote safe practices in industries handling chemicals, it’s crucial to first understand what chemical hazards are and how they are classified as harmful to the environment. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines chemical hazards as any chemicals—such as solutions, vapors, gases, aerosols, and other particulate matter—that may be toxic or irritating to the human body. These substances can also negatively impact the environment, depending on the type of chemical, as some can harm not only human health but also ecosystems and biodiversity.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) which is part of the U.S department of Labor establishes regulations to ensure that every worker has the right to a safe and healthy work environment. This is accomplished by requiring employers to provide a workplace free from recognized health and safety risks. Workers are also empowered to raise concerns if they feel their rights are being overlooked. Industries are classified into specific categories, with each adhering to regulations that ensure compliance with the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act. OSHA standards, which are published in Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), are organized into separate sections for General Industry, Construction, and Maritime, all of which are regulated by the U.S. Department of Labor.
On a national level, OSHA’s framework is complemented by international standards set by organizations like the International Labour Organization (ILO), while other U.S. agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), also play a key role in worker and environmental protection. Additionally, other global regulatory bodies, such as those in the EU and Canada, provide comparative frameworks for workplace safety and chemical regulations.
This section will dig into the significance of chemical policy and regulation, particularly those concerning chemical safety. It will examine current laws designed to protect workers’ rights and health, focusing on industries where chemical exposure is a concern to the environment. Topics will include key policies, their impact on worker well-being, and the challenges associated with enforcing chemical safety regulations in the environment.
- Chemical Policies and Regulatory Frameworks:
The ongoing high production of chemicals in industries leads to the creation of new chemicals and materials, which can pose significant health risks. To address these concerns, international agreements like the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have been put in place. These agreements aim to tackle chemical-related issues, recognizing that chemical hazards are a global problem (2) The primary goal is to protect both human health and the environment from chemicals that persist in the environment for long periods. The convention currently manages around 29 different POPs, working to restrict their production and use. Parties to the convention agree to adopt various control measures to reduce and eliminate the release of these harmful substances. Although the United States is not actively part of this convention due to limitations in authority to enforce it, the U.S. participates as an observer in the Conferences.
Environment, UN. “Why Do Persistent Organic Pollutants Matter?” UNEP, www.unep.org/topics/chemicals-and-pollution-action/pollution-and-health/persistent-organic-pollutants-pops/why. Accessed 14 Mar. 2025.