Vocabulario Módulo 1

A) La inmigración y la educación (Immigration and education)

abandonar = to abandon/to leave
aumentar = to increase
el agricultor = farmer
la amnistía = amnesty
arrestar = to arrest
el asilo político = political asylum
la asimilación = assimilation
asimilar = to assimilate
el aumento = increase
la bandera = flag
buscarse la vida = to manage/to survive
la cárcel = jail/prison
la ciudadanía = citizenship
el/la ciudadano/a = citizen
computar = to count
el crecimiento = growth
cruzar la frontera = to cross the border
DACA (Acción diferida para los llegados en la infancia) = DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals)
la deportación = deportation
la diáspora = diaspora
la dotación = staff/personnel
la educación primaria y secundaria = elementary and secondary education
emigrar = to emigrate
el/la empleado/a = employee
el/la empresario/a = employer
escolar = related to education, students, or school
el esfuerzo = effort/sacrifice
la esperanza = hope
el estilo de vida = lifestyle
el/la extranjero/a (también adjetivo) = foreigner
la frontera = border
el/la hablante = speaker
el/la indocumentado/a (también adjetivo) = undocumented immigrant
el/la inmigrante = immigrant
inmigrar = to immigrate
la integración = integration
el malecón = breakwater/esplanade
el mantenimiento = maintenance
la migra/la policía de inmigración = immigration police
migratorio = related to immigration (adjective)
la mitad = half
la nacionalidad = nationality
la naturalización = naturalization
el nivel = level
el pasaporte = passport
la patria = homeland
el permiso temporal = temporary permit
la preparatoria = high school
el puerto = port
el racismo = racism
el/la refugiado/a = refugee
renovar = to renew
el/la residente permanente = permanent resident
las siglas = acronym/initials
la solicitud = application
el/la soñador/a = dreamer
la subida = rise
la tarjeta verde/la tarjeta de residencia permanente = green card
el visado/la visa = visa

B) Los países hispanohablantes (Spanish-speaking countries)

Argentina = Argentina
Bolivia = Bolivia
Chile = Chile
Colombia = Colombia
Costa Rica = Costa Rica
Cuba = Cuba
Ecuador = Ecuador
El Salvador = El Salvador
España = Spain
Estados Unidos = United States
Guatemala = Guatemala
Guinea Ecuatorial = Equatorial Guinea
Honduras = Honduras
México = Mexico
Nicaragua = Nicaragua
Panamá = Panama
Paraguay = Paraguay
Perú = Peru
Puerto Rico* = Puerto Rico
República Dominicana = Dominican Republic
Uruguay = Uruguay
Venezuela = Venezuela

*Puerto Rico is an unincorporated U.S. territory (officially, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico). Approximately 95% of its population are native Spanish speakers.

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C) Las nacionalidades (Nationalities)

argentino/a = Argentinian/Argentine
boliviano/a = Bolivian
chileno/a = Chilean
colombiano/a = Colombian
costarricense = Costa Rican
cubano/a = Cuban
dominicano/a = Dominican
ecuatoguineano/a = Equatoguinean
ecuatoriano/a = Ecuadorian
español/a = Spanish/Spaniard
estadounidense = American
guatemalteco/a = Guatemalan
hondureño/a = Honduran
mexicano/a = Mexican
nicaragüense = Nicaraguan
panameño/a = Panamanian
paraguayo/a = Paraguayan
peruano/a = Peruvian
puertorriqueño/a = Puerto Rican
salvadoreño/a = Salvadoran
uruguayo/a = Uruguayan
venezolano/a = Venezuelan

D) Los miembros de la familia (Family members)

la abuela = grandmother
el abuelo = grandfather
los abuelos = grandparents
la ahijada = goddaughter
el ahijado = godson
la comadre* = (informal) godmother figure
el compadre* = (informal) godfather figure
la cuñada = sister‑in‑law
el cuñado = brother‑in‑law
la esposa = wife
el esposo = husband
la hermana = sister
la hermanastra = stepsister
el hermanastro = stepbrother
el hermano = brother
la hija = daughter
la hijastra = stepdaughter
el hijastro = stepson
el hijo = son
la madrastra = stepmother
la madre/mamá = mother
la madrina/comadre = godmother
la nieta = granddaughter
el nieto = grandson
la novia = girlfriend
el novio = boyfriend
la nuera = daughter‑in‑law
el padrastro = stepfather
el padre/papá = father
los padres = parents
el padrino = godfather
el pariente = relative
el/la primo/a = cousin
la sobrina = niece
el sobrino = nephew
la suegra = mother‑in‑law
el suegro = father‑in‑law
los suegros = in‑laws
la tía = aunt
el tío = uncle
el yerno = son‑in‑law

*In some Spanish-speaking countries, these expressions can be used to refer to very close friends (even though they do not have any relationship with your children).