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4 Syllable structure I: Initials and simple vowels

In Chinese, syllables are generally formed by combining:

  • an initial consonant (声母 shēngmǔ),

  • a vowel (final) (韵母 yùnmǔ).

In this section, we’ll explore how initials can be combined with simple vowels (also called basic finals or 单韵母 dān yùnmǔ).

Collocations Chart

Initial \ Vowel a o e i u ü
b
p
m
f
d
t
n
l
g
k
h
j
q
x
zh
ch
sh
r
z
c
s
y (semi-vowel) ✔(ya) ✔(ye) ✔(yi) ✔(yu) ✔(yü)
w (semi-vowel) ✔(wa) ✔(wo) ✔(wu)

Note: Some combinations are phonetically impossible or do not occur in Mandarin. For example, b + ü doesn’t form a valid syllable.

Quiz 1

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Mastering Mandarin Sounds Copyright © 2025 by Huiqiang Zheng is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.