Appendix B Selected Radioactive Isotopes
Decay modes are $latex \alpha $, $latex \beta ^{-}$, $latex \beta ^{+}$, electron capture (EC) and isomeric transition (IT). EC results in the same daughter nucleus as would $latex \beta ^{+}$ decay. IT is a transition from a metastable excited state. Energies for $latex \beta ^{\pm}$ decays are the maxima; average energies are roughly one-half the maxima.
| Isotope | t 1/2 | DecayMode(s) | Energy(MeV) | Percent | $latex \gamma $-Ray Energy(MeV) | Percent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $latex ^{3} \textbf{H}$ | 12.33 y | $latex \beta ^{-}$ | 0.0186 | 100% | |||
| $latex ^{14} \textbf{C}$ | 5730 y | $latex \beta ^{-}$ | 0.156 | 100% | |||
| $latex ^{13} \textbf{N}$ | 9.96 min | $latex \beta ^{+}$ | 1.20 | 100% | |||
| $latex ^{22} \textbf{Na}$ | 2.602 y | $latex \beta ^{+}$ | 0.55 | 90% | $latex \gamma $ | 1.27 | 100% |
| $latex ^{32} \textbf{P} $ | 14.28 d | $latex \beta ^{-}$ | 1.71 | 100% | |||
| $latex ^{35} \textbf{S}$ | 87.4 d | $latex \beta ^{-}$ | 0.167 | 100% | |||
| $latex ^{36} \textbf{Cl} $ | $latex 3.00 \times 10^5 \text{y}$ | $latex \beta ^{-}$ | 0.710 | 100% | |||
| $latex ^{40} \textbf{K} $ | $latex 1.28 \times 10^9 \text{y} $ | $latex \beta ^{-} $ | 1.31 | 89% | |||
| $latex ^{43} \textbf{K} $ | 22.3 h | $latex \beta ^{-} $ | 0.827 | 87% | $latex \gamma \;\text{s} $ | 0.373 | 87% |
| 0.618 | 87% | ||||||
| $latex ^{45} \textbf{Ca}$ | 165 d | $latex \beta ^{-} $ | 0.257 | 100% | |||
| $latex ^{51} \textbf{Cr} $ | 27.70 d | EC | $latex \gamma $ | 0.320 | 10% | ||
| $latex ^{52} \textbf{Mn}$ | 5.59d | $latex \beta ^{+}$ | 3.69 | 28% | $latex \gamma \;\text{s} $ | 1.33 | 28% |
| 1.43 | 28% | ||||||
| $latex ^{52} \textbf{Fe}$ | 8.27 h | $latex \beta ^{+}$ | 1.80 | 43% | 0.169 | 43% | |
| 0.378 | 43% | ||||||
| $latex ^{59} \textbf{Fe}$ | 44.6 d | $latex \beta ^{-}$ | 0.273 | 45% | $latex \gamma \;\text{s} $ | 1.10 | 57% |
| 0.466 | 55% | 1.29 | 43% | ||||
| $latex ^{60} \textbf{Co}$ | 5.271 y | $latex \beta ^{-}$ | 0.318 | 100% | $latex \gamma \;\text{s} $ | 1.17 | 100% |
| 1.33 | 100% | ||||||
| $latex ^{65} \textbf{Zn}$ | 244.1 d | EC | $latex \gamma $ | 1.12 | 51% | ||
| $latex ^{67} \textbf{Ga}$ | 78.3 h | EC | $latex \gamma \;\text{s} $ | 0.0933 | 70% | ||
| 0.185 | 35% | ||||||
| 0.300 | 19% | ||||||
| others | |||||||
| $latex ^{75} \textbf{Se}$ | 118.5 d | EC | $latex \gamma \;\text{s} $ | 0.121 | 20% | ||
| 0.136 | 65% | ||||||
| 0.265 | 68% | ||||||
| 0.280 | 20% | ||||||
| others | |||||||
| $latex ^{86} \textbf{Rb}$ | 18.8 d | $latex \beta ^{-}$ | 0.69 | 9% | $latex \gamma $ | 1.08 | 9% |
| 1.77 | 91% | ||||||
| $latex ^{85} \textbf{Sr}$ | 64.8 d | EC | $latex \gamma $ | 0.514 | 100% | ||
| $latex ^{90} \textbf{Sr}$ | 28.8 y | $latex \beta ^{-}$ | 0.546 | 100% | |||
| $latex ^{90} \textbf{Y}$ | 64.1 h | $latex \beta ^{-}$ | 2.28 | 100% | |||
| $latex ^{99m} \textbf{Tc}$ | 6.02 h | IT | $latex \gamma $ | 0.142 | 100% | ||
| $latex ^{113m} \textbf{In}$ | 99.5 min | IT | $latex \gamma $ | 0.392 | 100% | ||
| $latex ^{123} \textbf{I}$ | 13.0 h | EC | $latex \gamma $ | 0.159 | $latex \approx 100 \% $ | ||
| $latex ^{131} \textbf{I}$ | 8.040 d | $latex \beta ^{-}$ | 0.248 | 7% | $latex \gamma \;\text{s} $ | 0.364 | 85% |
| 0.607 | 93% | others | |||||
| others | |||||||
| $latex ^{129} \textbf{Cs}$ | 32.3 h | EC | $latex \gamma \;\text{s} $ | 0.0400 | 35% | ||
| 0.372 | 32% | ||||||
| 0.411 | 25% | ||||||
| others | |||||||
| $latex ^{137} \textbf{Cs}$ | 30.17 y | $latex \beta ^{-} \;\text{s}$ | 0.511 | 95% | $latex \gamma $ | 0.662 | 95% |
| 1.17 | 5% | ||||||
| $latex ^{140} \textbf{Ba}$ | 12.79 d | $latex \beta ^{-}$ | 1.035 | $latex \approx 100 \& $ | $latex \gamma \;\text{s} $ | 0.030 | 25% |
| 0.044 | 65% | ||||||
| 0.537 | 24% | ||||||
| others | |||||||
| $latex ^{198} \textbf{Au}$ | 2.696 d | $latex \beta ^{-}$ | 1.161 | $latex \approx 100 \% $ | $latex \gamma $ | 0.412 | $latex \approx 100 \% $ |
| $latex ^{197} \textbf{Hg}$ | 64.1 h | EC | $latex \gamma $ | 0.0733 | 100% | ||
| $latex ^{210} \textbf{Po}$ | 138.38 d | $latex \alpha $ | 5.41 | 100% | |||
| $latex ^{226} \textbf{Ra}$ | $latex 1.60 \times 10^3 \text{y}$ | $latex \alpha \;\text{s} $ | 4.68 | 5% | $latex \gamma $ | 0.186 | 100% |
| 4.87 | 95% | ||||||
| $latex ^{235} \textbf{U}$ | $latex 7.038 \times 10^8 \text{y}$ | $latex \alpha $ | 4.68 | $latex \approx 100 \% $ | $latex \gamma \;\text{s} $ | numerous | <0.400% |
| $latex ^{238} \textbf{U}$ | $latex 4.468 \times 10^9 \text{y}$ | $latex \alpha \;\text{s} $ | 4.22 | 23% | $latex \gamma $ | 0.050 | 23% |
| 4.27 | 77% | ||||||
| $latex ^{237} \textbf{Np}$ | $latex 2.14 \times 10^6 \text{y}$ | $latex \alpha \;\text{s} $ | numerous | $latex \gamma \;\text{s} $ | numerous | <0.250% | |
| 4.96 (max.) | |||||||
| $latex ^{239} \textbf{Pu}$ | $latex 2.41 \times 10^4 \text{y}$ | $latex \alpha \;\text{s} $ | 5.19 | 11% | $latex \gamma \;\text{s} $ | $latex 7.5 \times 10^{-5} $ | 73% |
| 5.23 | 15% | 0.013 | 15% | ||||
| 5.24 | 73% | 0.052 | 10% | ||||
| others | |||||||
| $latex ^{243} \textbf{Am}$ | $latex 7.37 \times 10^3 \text{y}$ | $latex \alpha \;\text{s} $ | Max. 5.44 | $latex \gamma \;\text{s} $ | 0.075 | ||
| 5.37 | 88% | others | |||||
| 5.32 | 11% | ||||||
| others | |||||||
| Table 2. Selected Radioactive Isotopes | |||||||
